沟通噪音的接受噪音

2025-03-14 23:23:15
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

接受噪音是指沟通过程中资讯接受者在接受资讯的过程中发生的噪音。因为接受资讯的过程主要是对接受到的资讯进行解码的过程,因此,也可以把接受噪音理解成为解码噪音。事实上,接受者往往容易产生以下几种影响准确沟通的错误即噪音。一是受自己个人心理结构、心理需求、意向系统、文化教育水平、理解能力、心理期望、社会角色地位、人生阅历等等因素的影响,而会自觉不自觉地对所接受到的同样资讯做出令人惊讶的不同理解和反应。人们一般把这种反应叫做选择性知觉现象。即资讯接受者根据自己个人的主观愿望、需要和理解,会对本来完整传递过来的并成功解码的资讯进行过滤,倾向于只接受那些自己愿意或期望接受到的部分资讯,而对其馀部分资讯缺乏兴趣或敏感性。应该说,资讯过滤是很难百分之百避免的,而且在一定极限范围内不会对沟通产生根本性的错误影响,但一旦突破了这种过滤极限,资讯就会被有意扭曲或增删,沟通就无法成功顺利进行。二是接受者个人解码能力或者说接受不足的问题。人们经常用“对牛弹琴来形容一个沟通物件无法理解自己所要传达的东西。在沟通的资讯编码、传递及资讯代码系统均完好的前提下,依然会有些接受者由于个人智力、经验、思想等等方面的局限而无法对人们所准确传递的资讯达成理解。这有点象一个班组的差生,对同一个老师讲的同一节课,对于同一个老师讲解的同一个原理,在别人均能理解的同时,他却不能把握和理解,这就产生了接受噪音。

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