(1)x+0.5=2.8, x+0.5-0.5=2.8-0.5, x=2.3;(2)18y=360, 18y÷18=360÷18, y=20;(3)18.3-x=15.6, 18.3-x+x=15.6+x, 15.6+x=18.3,15.6+x-15.6=18.3-15.6, x=2.7;(4)5x=1.5, 5x÷5=1.5÷5, x=0.3.