蔺相如,战国时赵国上卿,赵国著名的政治家、外交家。他生平最重要的事迹有完璧归赵、渑池之会与负荆请罪这三个事件。赵惠文王时,秦昭王写信给赵王,愿以十五个城池换取“和氏璧”。蔺相如奉命带“和氏璧”来到秦国,据理力争,机智周旋,终于完璧归赵。公元前279年,秦王与赵王相会于渑池,他随侍赵惠文王,当面斥责强大的秦国,不辱国体,使赵王没有受到屈辱,因其ᒬ/p>
战国时候,赵王得到了一块名贵宝玉“和氏璧”。这件事情让秦国大王知道了,他就写了封信,派人去见赵王,说秦王愿意用十五座城来换那块宝玉。
赵王看了信,心里想,秦王一向是只想占便宜,不肯吃亏的人。这一次怎么这么大方呐?要不答应吧,怕秦国兴兵来进攻,要答应吧,又怕上当。他想来想去拿不定主意,就跟大臣们商量。大臣们也想不出什么好办法来。 蔺相如知道了,对赵王,说:“大王,让我带着‘和氏璧’去见秦王吧,到那里我见机行事。如果秦王不肯用十五座城来交换,我一定把‘和氏璧’完整地带回来。”赵王知道蔺相如是个又勇敢又机智的人,就同意他去了。
蔺相如到了秦国,秦王在王宫里接见了他。蔺相如双手把“和氏璧”献给秦王。秦王接过来左看右看,非常喜爱。他看完了,又传给大臣们一个一个地看,然后又交给后宫的美女们去看。蔺相如一个人站在旁边,等了很久,也不见秦王提起割让十五座城的事儿,知道秦王根本没有用城换宝玉的诚意。可是宝玉已经到了秦王手里,怎么才能拿回来呢?他想来想去,想出了一个计策,就走上前去,对秦王说:“这块‘和氏璧’看着虽然挺好,可是有一点小毛病,让我指给大王看。”秦王一听有毛病,赶紧叫人把宝玉从后宫拿来交给蔺相如。
蔺相如拿着“和氏璧”往后退了几步,身子靠在柱子上,气冲冲地对秦王说:“当初大王差人送信给赵王,说情愿拿十五座城来换赵国的‘和氏璧’。赵国大臣都说,千万别相信秦国骗人的话,我可不这么想,我说老百姓还讲信义呐,何况秦国的大王哩!赵王听了我的劝告,这才派我把‘和氏璧’送来。方才大王把宝玉接了过去,随便交给下面的人传看,却不提起换十五座城的事情来。这样看来,大王确实没有用城换璧的真心。现在宝玉在我的手里。如果大王硬要逼迫我,我情愿把自己的脑袋跟这块宝玉一块儿碰碎在这根柱子上!”说着,蔺相如举起“和氏璧”,对着柱子,就要摔过去。
秦王本来想叫武士去抢,可是又怕蔺相如真的把宝玉摔碎,连忙向蔺相如赔不是,说:“大夫不要着急,我说的话怎么能不算数哩!”说着叫人把地图拿来,假惺惺地指着地图说:“从这儿到那儿,一共十五座城,都划给赵国。”蔺相如心想,秦王常常会耍鬼把戏,可别再上他的当!他就跟秦王说:“这块‘和氏璧’是天下有名的宝贝。我送它到秦国来的时候,赵王斋戒了五天,还在朝廷上举行了隆重的送宝玉的仪式。现在大王要接受这块宝玉,也应该斋戒五天,在朝廷上举行接受宝玉的仪式,我才能把宝玉献上。”秦王说:“好!就这么办吧!”他就派人送蔺相如到宾馆去休息。
蔺相如拿着那块宝玉到了公馆里。就叫一个手下人打扮成一个买卖人的样儿,把那块宝玉包着,藏在身上,偷偷地从小道跑回到赵国去了。至于秦王会把他怎么样,他一点也没有考虑。
后来秦王发觉这件事,后悔已经来不及了,想发兵攻打赵国吧,赵国在军事上作了准备,怕打不赢。最后秦王只好放蔺相如回到赵国去。这件事情在历史上就叫作“完璧归赵”。直到今天,人们谈起这段故事来,还对蔺相如的英勇行为翘大拇指哩。
战国的时候,赵惠文王有一块叫做「楚和氏璧」的宝玉,被秦国的昭王知道了,昭王便派了位使臣到赵国来跟惠文王商量:“惠文王,我们秦国愿意以十五个城池,和赵国换取这块「楚和氏璧」的宝玉。”
惠文王一听:“这该如何是好呀?秦国这么强大,如果把宝玉交给秦昭王,他要是耍赖,不把十五个城池给我们;如果不给,秦昭王会不会一气之下派兵来打我们,到底该怎么办才好?”大家看到惠文王这么烦恼,就有人提议:“我们去请智勇双全的蔺相如来,他一定会想到好办法的。”
蔺相如来了之后,惠文王第一句话就问他:“秦国要用十五个城来交换我的楚和氏璧,你看我应不应该答应他呢?”蔺相如毫不迟疑的说:“秦国强,赵国弱,我认为您不答应也不行呀!”“可是,假如秦国拿了我的璧玉,却不把城池给我,那我该怎么办?”惠文王忧心地问。蔺相如马上接口说:“秦国要拿十五个城池来交换赵国的楚和氏璧,假如赵国不答应,那当然是赵国的错;反过来,若秦国得到了璧玉,却不把城池给赵国,那错就在于秦国了。因此,照我的看法,还是派人将璧玉送到秦国去比较好。”
赵惠文王觉得蔺相如说的很有道理:“依你看,派什么人去好呢?”蔺相如自告奋勇的说:“假如大王实在找不出合适的人,臣倒愿意前往一试。秦国如果守信把城给我们赵国,我就把璧玉留在秦国;如果秦国食言,不把城给赵国,我一定负责将原璧归还赵国”。
蔺相如到了秦国以后,见到了秦昭王,便把璧玉奉上。秦昭王一见到璧玉后,高兴地不得了。不断地把璧玉捧在手上仔细欣赏,又把它传给左右的侍臣和嫔妃们看,却都不提起十五个城池交换的事。蔺相如一看情形不对,马上向前对秦王说:“大王,这块璧玉虽然是稀世珍宝,但仍有些微的瑕玭,请让我指引给大王看看!”
秦王一听:“有瑕玭?快指给我看!”蔺相如从秦王手中把璧玉接过来以后,马上向后退了好几步,背靠着大柱子,瞪着秦王大声说:“这块璧玉根本没有瑕玼,是我看到大王拿了宝玉以后,根本就没有把十五个城池给赵国的意思。所以我说了个谎话把璧玉骗回来,如果大王要强迫我交出璧玉的话,我就把楚和氏璧和我自己的头,一起去撞柱子,砸个粉碎。”蔺相如说完,就摆出一付要撞墙的样子。秦昭王害怕蔺相如真的会把璧玉撞破,连忙笑着说:“你先别生气,来人呀!去把地图拿过来,划出十五个城市给赵国。现在你可以放心把璧玉给我了吧!”
蔺相如知道秦王不安好心,就骗秦王说:“这块楚和氏璧,是天下人都知道的稀世珍宝,赵王在交给我送到秦国来之前,曾经香汤沐浴,斋戒了五天,所以大王在接取的时候,也同样应该斋戒五天,然后举行大礼,以示慎重呀!”。秦王为了得到璧玉,只得按照蔺相如所说的去做。蔺相如趁着秦王斋戒沐浴的这五天内,叫人将那块璧玉从小路送回赵国。
五天过去了,秦王果真以很隆重的礼节接待蔺相如。蔺相如一见秦王便说:“大王,秦国自秦缪公以来,二十多位君王,很少有遵守信约的人,所以我害怕受骗,已差人将璧玉送回赵国!如果大王真的要用城池来交换楚和氏璧,就请先割让十五个城池给赵国,赵王一当遵守誓约将玉璧奉上。现在,就请大王处置我吧!”
秦昭王一听璧玉已经被送回赵国,心里虽然很生气,却也佩服蔺相如的英勇,不但没有杀他,还以礼相待,送他回赵国。
后来,大家就用“完璧归赵”来形容将别人的东西完整的归还给别人的意思。
In the Warring States Period (zhàn guó 战国,481 - 386BC),Zhao Wang (zhao wang 赵王),the King of the State of Zhao (zhào guó 赵国) got an extraordinarily fabulous jade from someone. Qin Wang (qín wáng 秦王) the ruthless ruler of the state of Qin (qín guó 秦国),who reigned a far more powerful country,also wanted the rare treasure badly,promising to exchange it with 15 cities.
It posed a thorny issue for Zhao Wang since he knew the personality of Qin Wang very well. The great chance were that he would obtain the jade without giving out 15 cities. However,given the strong militatry power of the state of Qin, Zhao Wang just couldn’t turn him down. Zhao Wang and his officials weren’t able to figur out a proper solution to deal with the stiky issue even after several discussions. At that critical point,one offical strongly recommended one of his bold and talented retainers named Lin Xiang ru (lìn xiàng rú 蔺相如),as an envoy to the State of Qin. Zhao Wang interviewed Lin in person some days later. In the face of the king,Lin pledged that he would bring the jade back to the state of Zhao intact. Zhao Wang nodded with broad smiling on his face.
Later,Lin arrived in the state of Qin,presenting the shining jade to Qin Wang. Putting the treasure in his palm,qinwang was totally involved in appreciating it,almost forgot the surroundings. After through that ,he passed the jade to his officials and imperial concubines for seeing,without showing any attempt to give 15 cities as he previously pledged to do.
Wating for a long time,Lin was pretty angry and feeling humiliated,thinking about how to handle this tough situation. Suddenly,one idea jumped into his mind. He stepped forward ,saying:"my respectful king,there are some tiny flaws within the jade,let’me show you." Qin Wang handed the jade to Lin without hesitation.
As soon as he got the jade,Lin run to one of the pillars in the palace,shouting to Qin Wang:"Oh, my king,you are just enjoying yourself in apprecating the jade,not even bothered to mention the contract you pledged before,Which obviously demonstrating your insincerity. Thus,I made my mind to take back the jade.I 'll pumped myself rashily to the pillar along with the jade in the case you urged me to give you the jade." Being scared of the ruin of the jade,Qin Wang apologized to Lin instantly and asked his subsidiary to bring a piece of map,showing the 15 cities that he planned to present to the state of Zhao,plus,he added that he would set up a very formal and grand ceremony to pay his tribute to Lin’s coming.
Lin saw throuh Qin wang 's plot at once. In that night,he instructed one of his soldiers ,in shabby clothes,to send the jade back to the state of Zhao as quickly as possible. Several days later,Lin told Qin Wang during the banquet:"I ‘ve already sent the jade to the state of Zhao after sensing your insincerity. Nevertheless,don’t be nervous my king,I’m not trying to break the contract as you might perceived so. As we all admit that,the state of Qin is incomparaet to the state of Zhao. Once you hand over the cities,we are not dare to refuse to give you the jade.Well,I knew clearly that what I did are due to offend you. So,please boil me to death for the wrong doing I commited.”
Small wonder,Qin Wang flied into rage the instant he heard the statement,but he had no alternative but to let Lin go. If he killed Lin,not only did he won't obtain the jade,but aslso would devastate the realationshipbetween the state of Zhao and the state of Qin.Therefore,Lin retruned to his hometown also intact.
Atfer ward, “to return the jade intact to the State of Zhao” is used to refer giving back sonmting incontact to its owner.
战国时候,赵王得到了一块名贵宝玉“和氏璧”。这件事情让秦国大王知道了,他就写了封信,派人去见赵王,说秦王愿意用十五座城来换那块宝玉。
赵王看了信,心里想,秦王一向是只想占便宜,不肯吃亏的人。这一次怎么这么大方呐?要不答应吧,怕秦国兴兵来进攻,要答应吧,又怕上当。他想来想去拿不定主意,就跟大臣们商量。大臣们也想不出什么好办法来。 蔺相如知道了,对赵王,说:“大王,让我带着‘和氏璧’去见秦王吧,到那里我见机行事。如果秦王不肯用十五座城来交换,我一定把‘和氏璧’完整地带回来。”赵王知道蔺相如是个又勇敢又机智的人,就同意他去了。
蔺相如到了秦国,秦王在王宫里接见了他。蔺相如双手把“和氏璧”献给秦王。秦王接过来左看右看,非常喜爱。他看完了,又传给大臣们一个一个地看,然后又交给后宫的美女们去看。蔺相如一个人站在旁边,等了很久,也不见秦王提起割让十五座城的事儿,知道秦王根本没有用城换宝玉的诚意。可是宝玉已经到了秦王手里,怎么才能拿回来呢?他想来想去,想出了一个计策,就走上前去,对秦王说:“这块‘和氏璧’看着虽然挺好,可是有一点小毛病,让我指给大王看。”秦王一听有毛病,赶紧叫人把宝玉从后宫拿来交给蔺相如。
蔺相如拿着“和氏璧”往后退了几步,身子靠在柱子上,气冲冲地对秦王说:“当初大王差人送信给赵王,说情愿拿十五座城来换赵国的‘和氏璧’。赵国大臣都说,千万别相信秦国骗人的话,我可不这么想,我说老百姓还讲信义呐,何况秦国的大王哩!赵王听了我的劝告,这才派我把‘和氏璧’送来。方才大王把宝玉接了过去,随便交给下面的人传看,却不提起换十五座城的事情来。这样看来,大王确实没有用城换璧的真心。现在宝玉在我的手里。如果大王硬要逼迫我,我情愿把自己的脑袋跟这块宝玉一块儿碰碎在这根柱子上!”说着,蔺相如举起“和氏璧”,对着柱子,就要摔过去。
秦王本来想叫武士去抢,可是又怕蔺相如真的把宝玉摔碎,连忙向蔺相如赔不是,说:“大夫不要着急,我说的话怎么能不算数哩!”说着叫人把地图拿来,假惺惺地指着地图说:“从这儿到那儿,一共十五座城,都划给赵国。”蔺相如心想,秦王常常会耍鬼把戏,可别再上他的当!他就跟秦王说:“这块‘和氏璧’是天下有名的宝贝。我送它到秦国来的时候,赵王斋戒了五天,还在朝廷上举行了隆重的送宝玉的仪式。现在大王要接受这块宝玉,也应该斋戒五天,在朝廷上举行接受宝玉的仪式,我才能把宝玉献上。”秦王说:“好!就这么办吧!”他就派人送蔺相如到宾馆去休息。
蔺相如拿着那块宝玉到了公馆里。就叫一个手下人打扮成一个买卖人的样儿,把那块宝玉包着,藏在身上,偷偷地从小道跑回到赵国去了。至于秦王会把他怎么样,他一点也没有考虑。
后来秦王发觉这件事,后悔已经来不及了,想发兵攻打赵国吧,赵国在军事上作了准备,怕打不赢。最后秦王只好放蔺相如回到赵国去。这件事情在历史上就叫作“完璧归赵”。直到今天,人们谈起这段故事来,还对蔺相如的英勇行为翘大拇指哩。
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http://www.foreignercn.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2892:-wan-bi-gu-zhao&catid=3:chinese-idiom-a-proverbs&Itemid=115