一、引导宾语从句
这时两者的含义区别很小,一般可通用.
I don't know whether/if they will come to help us.
但是,当whether与or not连成一个词组时,whether不可换用if.
I don't know whether or not they will come for our help.
若whether和or not不连在一起,在口语中可以用if取代whether,当然也可以用whether.
I don't care if/whether your car breaks down or not.我不在乎您的车是否是会出故障.
此外,还有三种情况值得注意:
(1)在介词后面只能用whether,不能用if.
I am not interested in whether you'll come or not.
(2)在动词不定式之前,只能用whether,不能用if.
He doesn't know whether to stay or not.
(3)在及物运动discuss后的宾语从句中,只能用whether,不能用if.
We discussed whether we should make a change in our plan.
二、引导主语从句
只能用whether,不能用if.
It is unknown whether he will come.
Whether the news is true remains a question.
三、引导表语从句
只能用whether,不能用if
The question is whether they can take our advice.
四、引导同位语从句
常用whether
The question whether he'll come is unknown.
五、可以用来引导一个否定的宾语从句,whether则不能用来引导否定的宾语从句,因为它表示正反两方面的选择意义比较强.
Tell me if it is not going to rain,please.
六、if除引导宾语从句外,还可以引导条件状语从句,作“是否”解.在容易引起混淆产生歧义的情况下,就不可用if,而须用whether.
Please let me know if you intend to come.这个句子有两种解释:A:“请让我们知道你是否想来.” B:“如果你打算来,请让我们知道.”在书面语中,如果我们想表达的第一种含义,就得用whether来改写第一句.
Please let me know whether you intend to come.
通俗来讲,whether在大多数情况下都可以用,而if则不然,有wether和if时一般选wether不会有错,但是如果所需的意思是"如果",自然只能选if了。
宾语从句也是一个完整的句子,各种成分都不能少,所以当从句中不缺少任何成分并且语义通顺时就用that来引导,例如
i
found
that
he
lied.(我发现他说谎了)这里that引导宾语从句,that在从句里不做任何成分,从句中he是主语,lied是谓语,由于lie不及物,所以不需要宾语,句子成分完整.往往这个时候that是可以省略的,所以上句等于i
found
he
lied.
当宾语从句中需要表达有“是否”的含义的时候,就需要用if
或whether来引导了,常放在动词ask
、see
、say
、know和find
out等后面,这时它们是不可以省略的,例如,i
don't
know
if/whether
he
has
slept.
(我不知道他是否睡着了)这里if/whether是表示“是否”的意思.
下面来说if与whether的区别,这两个词都有“是否”的意思,并且都可以作引导词来引导从句,当引导的是宾语从句时,两者没有任何区别,可以互换,但是如果引导的是非宾语从句时,就要注意很多,比如,
1.whether可置于句首引导主语从句,而if不能.如:
whether_the
2000
olympic
games
will
be
in
beijing
is
not
known
yet.
2.whether可用在介词之后,引导宾语从句,而if则不能.如:
success
depends
on
whether
we
make
evough
effort.
3.whether可引导表语从句,if则不能.如:
the
puestion
is
whether
it
is
not
worthdoing.
4.在名词之后引导同位语从句时,用whether而不用if.如:
the
puestion
whether
the
students
answered
correctly
should
be
decided
by
the
teacher.
5.whether后可接不定式,而if不能.如:
please
tell
us
whether
to
go
or
stay
here.
6.在有些动词(如discuss)之后只用whether,如we
discussed
whether
we
should
close
the
shop.
7.引导否定概念的宾语从句时,只能用if,而不用whether.如:he
asked
me
if
i
hadn't
finished
my
work.
if和whether都可译为\"是否\",二者引导宾语从句时通常可以互相替换,口语中多用if代替whether.例如:Ask if/whether he plans to come to the meeting. 而以下几种情况中, 只能用whether:
1. 强调两方面的选择,特别是句中有or not时.如:
Let me know whether you can come or not.
2. 宾语从句前置时.如:
Whether this is true, I can\'t say.
3. 引导主语、表语、同位语从句时.如:
Whether the football game will be played depends on the weather. (主语从句)
The question is whether he can do it. (表语从句)
The question whether we should go with them must be decided at once. (同位语从句)
4. 在介词之后作介词的宾语时.如:
I haven\'t settled the question of whether I\'ll go back home.
5. 在不定式前与不定式一起组成词组时.如:
Whether to go or stay is still a question.
6. 在discuss, decide 等动词后作宾语时.如:
We discussed whether we should go there by plane.
值得注意的是: if还可以引导条件状语从句,是\"假如;如果\"之意,而whether可以引导让步状语从句,是\"不管;无论\" 之意.如:
If you ask him, he will help you.
I shall go, whether you come with me or stay at home.
一、if或whether引导宾语从句时,作“是否”讲,常放在动词ask 、see 、say 、know和find out等后面.一般情况下,两者常可换用,在口语中多用if.如:
例1 Nobody knows whether (if) it will rain tomorrow. 没有人知道明天是否下雨
最后一段话的后两个 whether 拼错了