在产品成本计算方法有哪些?

2025-04-03 00:35:38
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

(1)不计算在产品成本法
不计算在产品成本法,是指月末虽然有在产品,但在产品数量很少,价值很低,且各月月末在产品数量相差不大,因而可以不计算在产品成本的方法。在此方法下,某种产品当月发生的生产费用,全部计入当月完工产品的成本。此方法适用于月末在产品数量很少的企业或车间。其目的是简化核算工作。如发电、采煤、自来水生产等企业可以采用这种方法。
(2)在产品按年初(固定)计算法
在产品按年初(固定)计算法,是指各月末在产品成本按年初数计算且固定不变。每月完工产品成本即为当月发生的生产费用。这种方法适用于各月末在产品数量较少或较多,但各月末在产品数量变动不大,月初、月末在产品成本差额对完工产品成本影响不大的产品。例如冶炼企业的高炉炼铁和平炉炼钢、化工厂及其他有固定容器装置的在产品,数量比较稳定,可以采用此种方法计算在产品成本。但每年年终的在产品成本,必须根据年终实际盘点的在产品数量重新计算,以保证产品成本核算的相对准确性。如果物价变动较大,年初(固定)在产品成本可能失实,应慎用此法。
(3)在产品按所耗原材料费用计算法
在产品按所耗原材料费用计算法,是指月末在产品只计算原材料费用,其他费用全部由完工产品成本负担。某种产品的全部生产费用,减去按原材料费用计算的在产品成本后的余额,就是该种完工产品的总成本。此种方法适用于在产品数量较多,各月末在产品数量变动较大,但原材料在产品成本中所占比重较大的产品。如纺织、造纸、酿酒等企业的产品,都可采用此种方法,以简化核算工作。
(4)约当产量法
约当产量法是先将月末实际结存的在产品数量按其完工程度折合为相当于完工产品产量(即在产品约当产量),然后按照完工产品产量与月末在产品约当产量的比例分配计算完工产品成本与月末在产品成本的方法。
(5)在产品按定额成本计算法
在产品按定额成本计算法,是指月末在产品成本按其数量和事先核定的在产品单位定额成本来计算。
(6)在产品按完工产品成本计算法
在产品按完工产品成本计算法,是指月末在产品视同完工产品,与完工产品平均分摊费用。这种方法适用于月末在产品已经接近完工,只是尚未包装或尚未验收入库的产品。因为此时的在产品成本已经接近完工产品成本,为了简化核算手续,可以将在产品视同完工产品,按完工产品与在产品的数量比例分配各个成本项目的费用,以计算完工产品与期末在产品成本。

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