三层交换机如何配置DHCP服务?

2025-04-03 01:11:02
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

一,如果不用交换机的DHCP功能而是利用PC的DHCP功能!
1.在交换机上配置DHCP服务器:

  ip dhcp-server 192.168.0.69

  2.在交换机中为每个VLAN设置同样的DHCP服务器的IP地址:

  interface Vlan11

  ip address 192.168.1.254 255.255.255.0

  ip helper-address 192.168.0.69 DHCP Server IP

  interface Vlan12

  ip address 192.168.2.254 255.255.255.0

  ip helper-address 192.168.0.69 DHCP Server IP

  3.在DHCP服务器上设置网络地址分别为192.168.1.0、192.168.2.0的作用域,并将这些作用域的“路

由器”选项设置为对应VLAN的接口IP地址。

二 利用三层交换机自带的DHCP功能实现多VLAN的IP地址自动分配
(一) 配置方法一
1.同时为多个VLAN的客户机分配地址
2.VLAN内有部分地址采用手工分配的方式
3.为客户指定网关、Wins服务器等
4.VLAN 2的地址租用有效期限为1天,其它为3天
5.按MAC地址为特定用户分配指定的IP地址

最终配置如下:

ip dhcp excluded-address 10.1.1.1 10.1.1.19 //不用于动态地址分配的地址
ip dhcp excluded-address 10.1.1.240 10.1.1.254
ip dhcp excluded-address 10.1.2.1 10.1.2.19
!
ip dhcp pool global //global是pool name, 由用户指定
network 10.1.0.0 255.255.0.0 //动态分配的地址段
domain-name client.com //为客户机配置域后缀
dns-server 10.1.1.1 10.1.1.2 //为客户机配置dns服务器
netbios-name-server 10.1.1.5 10.1.1.6 //为客户机配置wins服务器
netbios-node-type h-node //为客户机配置节点模式(影响名称解释的顺利,如h-node=先通过wins服务

器解释...)
lease 3 //地址租用期限: 3天
ip dhcp pool vlan1
network 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 //本pool是global的子pool, 将从global pool继承domain-name等

option
default-router 10.1.1.100 10.1.1.101 //为客户机配置默认网关
!
ip dhcp pool vlan2 //为另一VLAN配置的pool
network 10.1.2.0 255.255.255.0
default-router 10.1.2.100 10.1.2.101
lease 1
!
ip dhcp pool vlan1_john //总是为MAC地址为...的机器分配...地址
host 10.1.1.21 255.255.255.0
client-identifier 010050.bade.6384 //client-identifier=01加上客户机网卡地址
!
ip dhcp pool vlan1_tom
host 10.1.1.50 255.255.255.0
client-identifier 010010.3ab1.eac8

相关的DHCP调试命令:
no service dhcp //停止DHCP服务[默认为启用DHCP服务]
sh ip dhcp binding //显示地址分配情况
show ip dhcp conflict //显示地址冲突情况
debug ip dhcp server {events | packets | linkage} //观察DHCP服务器工作情况

如果DHCP客户机分配不到IP地址,常见的原因有两个。第一种情况是没有把连接客户机的端口设置为

Portfast方式。MS客户机开机后检查网卡连接正常,Link是UP的,就开始发送DHCPDISCOVER请求,而此时

交换机端口正在经历生成树计算,一般需要30-50秒才能进入转发状态。MS客户机没有收到DHCP SERVER的

响应就会给网卡设置一个169.169.X.X的IP地址。解决的方法是把交换机端口设置为Portfast方式:

CatOS(4000/5000/6000): set spantree portfast mod_num/port_num enable; IOS(2900/3500):

interface ... ; spanning-tree portfast
(二) 配置方法二
一台3550EMI交换机,划分三个vlan
vlan2 为服务器所在网络,命名为server,IP地址段为192.168.2.0,子网掩码:255.255.255.0,网

关:192.168.2.1,域服务器为windows 2000 advance server,同时兼作DNS服务器,IP地址为192.168.2.10
vlan3为客户机1所在网络,IP地址段为192.168.3.0,子网掩码:255.255.255.0,网关:192.168.3.1命名为

work01
vlan4为客户机2所在网络,命名为work02,IP地址段为192.168.4.0,子网掩码:255.255.255.0,网

关:192.168.4.1,
3550作DHCP服务器,端口1-8划到VLAN 2,端口9-16划分到VLAN 3,端口17-24划分到VLAN 4.

DHCP服务器实现功能:
各VLAN保留2-10的IP地址不分配置,例如:192.168.2.0的网段,保留192.168.2.2至192.168.2.10的IP地址

段不分配.

安全要求:
VLAN 3和VLAN 4 不允许互相访问,但都可以访问服务器所在的VLAN 2,
默认访问控制列表的规则是拒绝所有包.

配置命令及步骤如下:

第一步:创建VLAN:
Switch>en
Switch#Vlan Database
Switch(Vlan)>Vlan 2 Name server
Switch(Vlan)>Vlan 3 Name work01
Switch(vlan)>Vlan 4 Name work02

第二步:设置VLAN IP地址:
Switch#Config T
Switch(Config)>Int Vlan 2

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