推荐回答(2个)
引发便秘的原因是多种多样的,大凡影响正常排便的各种因素都可能造成便秘。
1.不良饮食习惯 不良的饮食习惯是引发便秘常见的原因之一。如经常食用加工过于精细的米、面,不吃粗粮,蔬菜,水果吃得太少等,导致膳食纤维摄取不足,粪便体积减小,黏滞度增加,在肠内运动缓慢,水分过量被吸收因而形成便秘。进食量过少,肠道中不能产生足够的食物残渣刺激肠蠕动,也易出现便秘,这种情况在厌食症、胃肠道手术后长期不能正常进食的患者中经常出现。过食辣椒、干姜等辛辣会物,导致胃肠积热,损伤津液也可引起便秘。也有人不吃或很少吃油,不但猪油、牛油、羊油等动物脂肪不吃,连花生油、葵花子油、香油等植物油也很少吃,造成粪便过于干涩,难以排出,形成便秘。还有些人偏爱吃肉类、油炸食品等不易消化的食物,日积月累也容易发生便秘。
2.不良排便习惯 排便属于神经反射性生理活动,人能通过有意识的排便动作促进粪便排出体外。如果没有养成定时排便的习惯,如外出旅游、工作紧张、精神压力大等,使排便习惯受到干扰,排便反射受到抑制,忽视正常的便意,肠道不能按时接受排便信号,会使粪便在肠道停留时间过长,造成便秘。如果条件许可,需要大便时就要及时排便,不要强忍不排便。比如有的人虽然有了想大便的意识,但忙于做某事,强忍住不去上厕所;有的孩子太贪玩,大便都快出来了还不去排,忍住大便接着玩,使直肠内的粪便返回到乙状结肠和降结肠,粪便中的水分会被重吸收,粪便变干而引发便秘。
3.排便动力缺乏 排便时需要多种肌群的协调动作,如果平时不经常运动,使膈肌、腹肌、肛提肌、肠壁平滑肌等力量不足,粪便在肠道内移动减缓,也会发生便秘。比如年老体弱者、过度肥胖者、重度营养不良者、膈肌麻痹者、长期缺乏体育锻炼致腹肌松弛者,可因肌肉无力,致使排便动力不足,不能顺利排出大便而导致便秘。
4.粪便运行受阻 肠梗阻、肠扭转、肠道蛔虫、肠道肿瘤等疾病,能使粪便在肠道内运行受阻而发生便秘。
5.神经系统疾病 神经系统疾病,如脑性瘫痪、脑脊膜膨出、脊柱损伤,脑梗死、脑萎缩等,均可影响肠道的蠕动而出现便秘。另外,工作紧张、久坐、人际关系紧张、家庭不和睦、心情长期处于压抑状态,都可使自主神经功能紊乱,引起肠蠕动抑制而发生便秘。
6.肠外病变压迫 肠外病变压迫,如腹水、子宫肌瘤、卵巢囊肿、腹腔内肿瘤及腹中的胎儿等,均可压迫肠道,使肠腔变窄或影响肠蠕动而发生便秘。
7.肠黏膜应激力减弱 肠黏膜应激力减弱也是引发便秘的常见原因,如肠炎、痢疾等引起的肠黏膜炎性病变,在恢复过程中,肠壁黏膜对刺激的敏感性降低,使肠蠕动减少而发生便秘。
8.直肠肛门疾病 直肠肛门疾病,如肛裂、痔疮、肛门周围脓肿、直肠炎等,都可影响肠道的蠕动而发生便秘。
9.内分泌与代谢性疾病 一些内分泌和代谢性疾病,女日糖尿病、高钙血症、低钾血症、卟啉病、甲状腺功能减低、甲状旁腺功能亢进、嗜铬细胞瘤、胰高血糖素瘤等,可影响肠管平滑肌功能,使肠肌松弛、张力减低,引发便秘。
10.某些药物的影响 使用某些药物,如吗啡、阿片等镇痛剂,氢氧化铝、碳酸钙等含钙、铝的药物,阿托品、颠茄片、溴丙胺太林等抗胆碱能药物,枸橼酸铋钾、果胶铋等含铋制剂,呋塞米、氢氯噻嗪等利尿剂,以及长期滥用泻剂等,也能引起便秘。
1 1.其他因素 此外,急性热病、慢性发热及铅、砷、汞、磷中毒等,也可引发便秘。
便秘的原因有以下几种:
(1)由于不良的饮食习惯,使食物的机械性或化学性刺激不足,或因摄入的食物过少、过细,尤其是缺少遗留大量沉渣的食物,使肠道刺激减少,反射性蠕动减弱而造成便秘。
(2)生活习惯改变、排便姿式不当、经常服用强泻剂及灌肠等,均可造成直肠反射敏感性下降,以致虽有粪便进入,而不足以引起有效的神经冲动,使排便反射不能产生而引起便秘。
(3)精神抑郁或过于激动,使条件反射发生障碍而引起便秘。
(4)不良的生活习惯、睡眠不足、持续高度的精神紧张状态等,也可造成结肠的蠕动失常和痉挛性收缩而引起便秘。
(5)肠道存在如肠息肉、肠癌这样的病变导致无法通过肠道。
便秘 首先要找出病因,根据病因积极治疗。
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