果树的营养有哪些特点?

2025-03-15 02:25:47
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

果树一经定植,在同一块土地上要生长十几年乃至几十年。在其整个生命周期中大体要经历生长、初结果、盛果、衰老和更新等代谢过程,以完成生命的全过程。所以,不同树龄的生理特点和营养要求有一定差异。

幼龄期果树主要是发展树冠和扩大根系,以充分地积累树体养分。这一时期生长量不大,需肥量也不多,但对肥料反应十分敏感。如果这个阶段营养生长不良,即使以后加倍施肥,也难以弥补。施足磷肥,适当配施氮肥和钾肥,是果树早结果、早丰产的关键之一;未结果或进入初结果期,由于根冠还不断扩大,要保持较旺盛的营养生长,氮肥应占较大的比重。

这一时期主要是继续扩大树冠和促进花芽分化,所以应在施氮肥基础上,增施磷、钾肥;结果盛期的成年树,施肥的目的主要是优质丰产,提高商品价值。由于结果多和连年分化花芽,应提高磷、钾、钙肥比重,所以施肥要注意氮、磷、钾和钙肥配合,尤其要提高钾肥的比例。盛果期以后,树体逐渐衰老,在老年期应多施氮肥,其氮肥施用比重应同幼树一样,以促进更新复壮,维持盛果不衰。实践证明,幼树氮肥偏多,生长过旺,进入结果期迟;氮肥不足,虽然结果早,但树势也早衰。

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