推荐回答(2个)
汉字和拉丁化
仲度
反对大众语文的人,对主张者得意地命令道:“拿出货色来看!”〔2〕一面也真有这样的老实人,毫不问他是诚意,还是寻开心,立刻拚命的来做标本。
由读书人来提倡大众语,当然比提倡白话困难。因为提倡白话时,好好坏坏,用的总算是白话,现在提倡大众语的文章却大抵不是大众语。但是,反对者是没有发命令的权利的。虽是一个残废人,倘在主张健康运动,他绝对没有错;如果提倡缠足,则即使是天足的壮健的女性,她还是在有意的或无意的害人。美国的水果大王,只为改良一种水果,尚且要费十来年的工夫,何况是问题大得多多的大众语。倘若就用他的矛去攻他的盾,那么,反对者该是赞成文言或白话的了,文言有几千年的历史,白话有近二十年的历史,他也拿出他的“货色”来给大家看看罢。
但是,我们也不妨自己来试验,在《动向》上,就已经有过三篇纯用土话的文章〔3〕,胡绳〔4〕先生看了之后,却以为还是非土话所写的句子来得清楚。其实,只要下一番工夫,是无论用什么土话写,都可以懂得的。据我个人的经验,我们那里的土话,和苏州很不同,但一部《海上花列传》〔5〕,却教我“足不出户”的懂了苏白。先是不懂,硬着头皮看下去,参照记事,比较对话,后来就都懂了。自然,很困难。这困难的根,我以为就在汉字。每一个方块汉字,是都有它的意义的,现在用它来照样的写土话,有些是仍用本义的,有些却不过借音,于是我们看下去的时候,就得分析它那几个是用义,那几个是借音,惯了不打紧,开手却非常吃力了。
例如胡绳先生所举的例子,说“回到窝里向罢”也许会当作回到什么狗“窝”里去,反不如说“回到家里去”的清楚〔6〕。那一句的病根就在汉字的“窝”字,实际上,恐怕是不该这么写法的。我们那里的乡下人,也叫“家里”作Uwao-li,读书人去抄,也极容易写成“窝里”的,但我想,这Uwao其实是“屋下”两音的拼合,而又讹了一点,决不能用“窝”字随便来替代,如果只记下没有别的意义的音,就什么误解也不会有了。
大众语文的音数比文言和白话繁,如果还是用方块字来写,不但费脑力,也很费工夫,连纸墨都不经济。为了这方块的带病的遗产,我们的最大多数人,已经几千年做了文盲来殉难了,中国也弄到这模样,到别国已在人工造雨的时候,我们却还是拜蛇,迎神。如果大家还要活下去,我想:是只好请汉字来做我们的牺牲了。
现在只还有“书法拉丁化”的一条路。这和大众语文是分不开的。也还是从读书人首先试验起,先绍介过字母,拼
幸好老周死得早,徜徉媚外的老东西,要是汉字拉丁化,那真是中华文化的一大灾难
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