推荐回答(1个)
如何确定文件编码格式的方法??
当我们用System.IO.StreamReader读取包含汉字的txt文件时,经常会读出乱码(StreamWriater写文本文件也有类似的问题),原因很简单,就是文件的编码(encoding)和StreamReader/Writer的encoding不对应。
为了解决这个问题,我写了一个类,来取得一个文本文件的encoding,这样我们就可以创建对应的StreamReader和StreamWriter来读写,保证不会出现乱码现象。其实原理很简单,文本编辑器(比如XP自带的记事本)在生成文本文件时,如果编码格式和系统默认的编码(中文系统下默认为GB2312)不一致时,会在txt文件开头部分添加特定的“编码字节序标识(Encoding Bit Order Madk,简写为BOM)”,类似PE格式的"MZ"文件头。这样它在读取时就可以根据这个BOM来确定该文本文件生成时所使用的Encoding。这个BOM我们用记事本等程序打开默认是看不到的,但是用stream按字节读取时是可以读到的。我的这个TxtFileEncoding类就是根据这个BOM“文件头”来确定txt文件生成时用到的编码的。
// 作者:袁晓辉
// 2005-8-8
// // // // // //
using System;
using System.Text;
using System.IO;
namespace Farproc.Text
{
///
/// 用于取得一个文本文件的编码方式(Encoding)。
///
public class TxtFileEncoding
{
public TxtFileEncoding()
{
//
// TODO: 在此处添加构造函数逻辑
//
}
///
/// 取得一个文本文件的编码方式。如果无法在文件头部找到有效的前导符,Encoding.Default将被返回。
///
/// 文件名。
///
public static Encoding GetEncoding(string fileName)
{
return GetEncoding(fileName, Encoding.Default);
}
///
/// 取得一个文本文件流的编码方式。
///
/// 文本文件流。
///
public static Encoding GetEncoding(FileStream stream)
{
return GetEncoding(stream, Encoding.Default);
}
?//
/// 取得一个文本文件的编码方式。
///
/// 文件名。
/// 默认编码方式。当该方法无法从文件的头部取得有效的前导符时,将返回该编码方式。
///
public static Encoding GetEncoding(string fileName, Encoding defaultEncoding)
{
FileStream fs = new FileStream(fileName, FileMode.Open);
Encoding targetEncoding = GetEncoding(fs, defaultEncoding);
fs.Close();
return targetEncoding;
}
///
/// 取得一个文本文件流的编码方式。
///
/// 文本文件流。
/// 默认编码方式。当该方法无法从文件的头部取得有效的前导符时,将返回该编码方式。
///
public static Encoding GetEncoding(FileStream stream, Encoding defaultEncoding)
{
Encoding targetEncoding = defaultEncoding;
if(stream != null && stream.Length >= 2)
{
//保存文件流的前4个字节
byte byte1 = 0;
byte byte2 = 0;
byte byte3 = 0;
byte byte4 = 0;
//保存当前Seek位置
long origPos = stream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
stream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
int nByte = stream.ReadByte();
byte1 = Convert.ToByte(nByte);
byte2 = Convert.ToByte(stream.ReadByte());
if(stream.Length >= 3)
{
byte3 = Convert.ToByte(stream.ReadByte());
}
if(stream.Length >= 4)
{
byte4 = Convert.ToByte(stream.ReadByte());
}
//根据文件流的前4个字节判断Encoding
//Unicode {0xFF, 0xFE};
//BE-Unicode {0xFE, 0xFF};
//UTF8 = {0xEF, 0xBB, 0xBF};
if(byte1 == 0xFE && byte2 == 0xFF)//UnicodeBe
{
targetEncoding = Encoding.BigEndianUnicode;
}
if(byte1 == 0xFF && byte2 == 0xFE && byte3 != 0xFF)//Unicode
{
targetEncoding = Encoding.Unicode;
}
if(byte1 == 0xEF && byte2 == 0xBB && byte3 == 0xBF)//UTF8
{
targetEncoding = Encoding.UTF8;
}
//恢复Seek位置
stream.Seek(origPos, SeekOrigin.Begin);
}
return targetEncoding;
}
}
}
由于在GB2312和UTF7编码都没有BOM,所以需要指定一个默认的Encoding,在找不到合法的BOM时,将返回这个Encoding。有谁知道如何区分GB2312和UTF7编码txt文件的方法,也请告诉我。
由于只是static方法,所以不用new,直接通过类名调用方法,使用起来也很简单。
using System;
using Farproc.Text;
using System.Text;
using System.IO;
namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
///
/// Class1 的摘要说明。
///
class Class1
{
///
/// 应用程序的主入口点。
///
[STAThread]
static void Main(string[] args)
{
//
// TODO: 在此处添加代码以启动应用程序
//
string fileName = @"e:\a.txt";
//生成一个big endian Unicode编码格式的文本文件
StreamWriter sw = new StreamWriter(fileName, false, Encoding.BigEndianUnicode);//你可以试试其他编码,比如Encoding.GetEncoding("GB2312")或UTF8
sw.Write("这是一个String");
sw.Close();
//读取
Encoding fileEncoding = TxtFileEncoding.GetEncoding(fileName, Encoding.GetEncoding("GB2312"));//取得这txt文件的编码
Console.WriteLine("这个文本文件的编码为:" + fileEncoding.EncodingName);
StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(fileName, fileEncoding);//用该编码创建StreamReader
//用下面的方法虽然可以让系统自动判断文本文件的编码格式,但是我们无法取得该文本文件的编码
//sr.CurrentEncoding永远为 Unicode(UTF-8)
//StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(fileName, true);
//Console.WriteLine("这个文本文件的编码为:" + sr.CurrentEncoding.EncodingName);
Console.WriteLine("这个文本文件的内容为:" + sr.ReadToEnd());
sr.Close();
Console.ReadLine();
}
}
}
.NET下的string永远是Unicode的,所以只能判断txt文件的Encoding。对于byte[],只有自己知道它的Encoding才能转换为string 转换为其他编码的byte[],一个例外是把整个txt文件通过stream读入byte[]后也可以根据它的前几个字节判断Encoding,对于片断,我们就无能为力了:)
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