动词不定式和动词ing的区别是什么？因为他们都可以做主语和宾语?

动词不定式、动词ing分词和ed分词的区别与联系

一、动词不定式与-ING分词的区别

1. 作宾语时，-ING分词表示抽象的、一般性或习惯性的和连续性的动作，而不定式则表示某次具体动作，特别是将来的动作
I like playing football. I would like to play football this afternoon.

1) The school cannot tolerate on exams.
〔A〕 cheating 〔B〕 to cheat 〔C〕 be cheated 〔D〕 being cheated
2) News of success keeps in.
〔A〕 pouring 〔B〕 to pour 〔C〕 poured 〔D〕 to be pouring
3) Long 〔A〕 before the dawn 〔B〕 of recorded 〔C〕 history, humans celebrated to harvest 〔D〕 their crops.
2. 作定语时，-ING表示正在进行的动作，用-ING的完成时表示动作的完成；不定式表示未来发生
4) We were overjoyed at the news of China another man-made satellite.
〔A〕 having launched 〔B〕 to have launched 〔C〕 to launch 〔D〕 launched
5) The applicants interviewing 〔A〕 are required to 〔B〕 bring all the necessary papers 〔C〕 two days later 〔D〕 .
6) Sorghum(高梁) leaves 〔A〕 occasionally contain 〔B〕 enough hydrocyanic acid killing 〔C〕 livestock(牲畜) 〔D〕 .
3. 当谓语动词是进行时的时候，用不定式而不用-ING分词作宾语

It's beginning to snow you. It starts raining.
I'm considering how to go(where to go, what to do). I considered emplying Mr.Wang but
decided that Mr.Chen was more suited
to the job.

4. 在remember,forget等词后，如果跟-ING分词，表示-ING分词的动作发生在主要谓语之前；如果跟不定式则表示不定式的动作发生在主要谓语动作之后

I remember telling her that last night. (“告
诉”发生在“记得”之前) He remembered to tell her that when she
came back. (“记得”发生在“告诉”之前)
I'm sorry I forgot to give you the message. (主
语动词表示的动作“忘记”发生在不定式表
示的动作“给带口信”之前) Why! I have such a bad memory. I forgot
giving the message last night. (-ING分词
表示的动作“给带口信”发生在谓语动词表
示的动作“忘记”之前)

5. stop, go on和leave off之后跟接动词不定式和-ING分词所表达的意义有所不同

They stopped (talking) to work. 〔停下(其他动作)来工作〕
They stopped working. 〔停下工作(来干其他动作)〕

Workers went on discussing the problem. 〔工人继续讨论这一问题〕
Workers went on to discuss the problem.〔工人们停下来其他事，继续讨论这一问题〕

He left off writing.〔他停下写作(去干其他事)〕
He left off to write.〔他停下(其他事)来写作〕

6. … used to后跟不定式和-ING分词，后跟不定式有两种情况：一种是used to是固定用法表示“过去经常干……”；另外一种情况是use的被动词态“be used”后跟不定式；后跟-ING分词的情况有一种，那就是当used to中的used是形容词时，to后跟名词或-ING分词
7) When he was in the plastic plant, he together with the workers.
〔A〕 has worked 〔B〕 had worked 〔C〕 had been worked 〔D〕 used to work
8) You will soon this climate and then the changes in temperature will not affect you.
〔A〕 get used to
〔B〕 get to
〔C〕 get over
〔D〕 get on with
9) Mr. Anderson used to jogging 〔A〕 in the crisp morning 〔B〕 air during 〔C〕 the winter months 〔D〕 , but now he has stopped.
7. 一般情况下，for后边跟接there to be,而of后边则跟接there being
10) It is fairly common in Africa for there an ensemble of expert musicians surrounded by others who join in by clapping, singing, or somehow adding to the totality of musical sound.
〔A〕 to be 〔B〕 being 〔C〕 to have been 〔D〕 having been

8. be＋形容词后面要跟动词不定式作状语，而不用-ING
It is very difficult to manage the company.

二、-ING分词与-ED分词的区别
虽然在语法功能上，-ED分词在句子中所能承担的成分基本与-ING分词相同，但在意义上两者有差别：-ING分词表示主动的意义，而-ED分词则表示被动的意义；-ING分词表示一般性的或正在进行的动作，而-ED分词则表示已经完成和被动的动作。在表现形式上，-ING分词有“一般式”和“完成式”与“主动式”和“被动式”之分；而-ED分词只有一种形式。下边我们分析-ING分词与-ED分词在语法功用上的区别。
1. 作表语时，-ING分词表示主语所具有的特征而-ED分词表示主语所处的状态

The book is quite interesting. I am insteredted in the book very much.
The play is more exciting than any I have
ever seen. That piece of land lay deserted.

2. 作状语时-ING分词表示主语正在进行的另一动作而-ED分词则表示主语发生动作的背景或情况 11) In his movies，W. C. Fields was always at war with the world， .
〔A〕 battling both people and objects
〔B〕 both people and objects were battled
〔C〕 he was battling both people and objects
〔D〕 both people and objects that were battled
13) Having been served lunch， .
〔A〕 the problem was discussed by the members of the committee
〔B〕 the committee members discussed the problem
〔C〕 it was discussed by the committee members the problem
〔D〕 a discussion of the problem was made by the members of the committee
12) for her anthropological research，Margaret Mead also was involved with the World Federation for Mental Health.
〔A〕 She is noted primarily
〔B〕 Noted primarily
〔C〕 Primarily is noted
〔D〕 She primarily noted
14) Considered one of the leading poets in America today， .
〔A〕 a number of books and plays have also been written by Sonia Sanchez
〔B〕 Sonia Sanchez has also written a number of books and plays
〔C〕 a number of Sonia Sanchez’s books and plays have been written
〔D〕 there have been a number of books and plays written by Sonia Sanchez
3. ①作定语时，-ING分词表示正在进行的动作，而-ED分词表示动作发生在谓语动词之前；②-ING分词表示它所修饰的词经常或当时的状态，而-ED分词则没有时间性；③-ING分词表示主动，而-ED分词表示被动
15) The boiled 〔A〕 point of any liquid 〔B〕 is determined 〔C〕 by the pressure 〔D〕 of the surrounding gases.
16) High-grade 〔A〕 written 〔B〕 paper is frequently 〔C〕 obtained 〔D〕 from cotton rags.
17) Scientists 〔A〕 still cannot find 〔B〕 any convinced 〔C〕 link between intelligence 〔D〕 and the quantity or quality of brain cells.
4. 但少数几个动词的-ED分词，有两种形式而且在意义上有差别，如：bear的-ED分词有born和borne之分，前者只用于“出生”的意义，而后者用于“负担”，“负荷”，“承担”和“传送”之意
I was born in 1966.
His borne responsibility to the whole workers of the factory is really great.
再如：hang的-ED分词也有两种，一是hung,另一形式是hanged, 前者表示“悬挂”，后者表示“吊死，绞死”。strike的-ED分词也有两种：struck和striken, 前者有“打击”“冲击”“感动”等义，而striken只用作形容词，表示“受折磨”之意。
来自及物动词的-ED分词所表示的是被动意义；来自不及物动词的-ED分词则可表示主动和完成的意义：fallen leaves (落叶)，a full-blown rose (盛开的玫瑰), escaped prinsoners(逃犯), the exploded bomb, her deceased husband, the retired workers, the vanished jewels, the newly arrived visitors, the returned students, the risen sun.

to do 和doing 都是非谓语动词（此外，还包括done),可以做主语，宾语，定语，状语，甚至是宾语补足语。
单把他俩拿出来，没有什么区别。但细致的说区别，那要看他们所在的位置，做的成分以及搭配的动词。
比如说，若是做状语的话，to do 就多用来表示目的，而doing多用来表示伴随动作。
再比如，当他们做动词宾语时，要看该动词的习惯搭配，看用的是to do还是doing，有时，两种搭配都有，通常to do 表示要做的事，或是一次性的动作，而doing 表示正在做的事或是经常性的动作。