推荐回答(3个)
(1)H型的弱酸性阳离子交换树脂,在水中的特性类似弱酸。因此它分解中性盐类的能力较弱(即与SO42-、Cl-等强酸阴离子的盐类难以反应)。它仅能与弱酸性盐类(具有碱度的盐类)反应,交换后产生的是弱酸,不会产生强酸。用弱酸H型交换树脂可处理碱度大的水,将水中的碱度所对应的阳离子全除去后,再用强酸H型交换树脂除去水中强酸根对应的那部分阳离子。
(2)由于弱酸性阳离子交换树脂对H+的亲合力较大,很容易再生,因此它可用强酸H型阳离子交换树脂的再生废液来进行再生。
(3)弱酸性阳离子交换树脂的交换容量大(约相当于强酸阳树脂的2倍)。
(4)弱酸性阳离子交换树脂的交联度低,孔隙大所以其机械强度比强酸性阳树脂的要低。
弱酸型阳树脂肯定优于强酸型阳树脂,从制水工艺上讲,主要是制水量大,工况稳定等特点,同时也节约了再生剂量,更重要的是减少了排废量
强酸性阳离子树脂
这类树脂含有大量的强酸性基团,如磺酸基-SO3H,容易在溶液中离解出H+,故呈强酸性。树脂离解后,本体所含的负电基团,如SO3-,能吸附结合溶液中的其他阳离子。这两个反应使树脂中的H+与溶液中的阳离子互相交换。强酸性树脂的离解能力很强,在酸性或碱性溶液中均能离解和产生离子交换作用。
树脂在使用一段时间后,要进行再生处理,即用化学药品使离子交换反应以相反方向进行,使树脂的官能基团回复原来状态,以供再次使用。如上述的阳离子树脂是用强酸进行再生处理,此时树脂放出被吸附的阳离子,再与H+结合而恢复原来的组成。
弱酸性阳离子树脂
这类树脂含弱酸性基团,如羧基-COOH,能在水中离解出H+ 而呈酸性。树脂离解后余下的负电基团,如R-COO-(R为碳氢基团),能与溶液中的其他阳离子吸附结合,从而产生阳离子交换作用。这种树脂的酸性即离解性较弱,在低pH下难以离解和进行离子交换,只能在碱性、中性或微酸性溶液中(如pH5~14)起作用。这类树脂亦是用酸进行再生(比强酸性树脂较易再生)。
其实阳离子交换树脂在我们实际使用过程中,一般都是将树脂变味其他离子形式进行运行,以满足各种场景使用需求。例如经常会将强酸性的阳离子交换树脂和NaCl一起转变为钠型的树脂后再投入使用,当树脂置换过程中就会放出Na+与溶液中的Ca2+、Mg2+等阳离子交换吸附,除去这些离子。反应时没有放出H+,可避免溶液pH下降和由此产生的副作用(如蔗糖转化和设备腐蚀等)。
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