推荐回答(3个)
首先看看定义:吊具,指起重吊运作业的刚性取物装置;索具,指吊运物品时,系结勾挂在物品上具有挠性的组合取物装置。也就是说可以直接吊取物品,主要有:吊钩、抓斗、夹钳、吸盘及专用吊具等;而索具用来系结物品,一般由高强度挠性件(钢丝绳、起重环链、人造纤维带等)配以端部环、钩、卸扣等组合而成。一般吊具的极限工作载荷是指:单支吊索正常使用条件下垂直悬挂时允许承受物品的最大质量(重量);索具的最大安全工作载荷:除垂直悬挂使用外,吊索吊点与物品间均存在着夹角,使吊索0受力产生变化,在特定吊挂方式下允许承受的最大质。吊具可以直接吊取物品,索具是一种组合的取物装置。吊具中常用的是吊钩、钢丝绳、链条等专用索具。起重吸盘、夹钳和货叉等可在起重机上作为专用吊具长久使用,也可作为可更换的辅助吊具挂在吊钩上临时使用,常用于多货种仓库和堆场,以提高作业效率。抓取散状物料的吊具一般为颚板可开闭的抓斗,也可用电磁吸盘吸取如金属切屑等导磁性物料。吊取流动性物料的吊具常用的有盛桶和吊罐、一般通过倾侧或抽底塞等方式卸出钢水或化学溶液,通过打开吊罐底门卸出混凝土等流动性物料。吊具为了满足日常大型机械的维护起吊,国内的一些吊索具公司还设计了一些专门的吊具,像风机吊具、塔筒吊具、叶片吊具、轮毂吊具、汽轮机等非标吊具。
吊具,它是指在起重吊运作业中所用到的刚性取物装置,也就是可以直接吊取物品的装置,像吊钩、抓斗、夹钳、吸盘等,都是吊具中的一种。而索具,它则是一种组合取物装置,而且是具有挠性的,一般是由高强度的挠性件,然后配合端部环、钩、卸扣等组合而成的。所以说,这两者还是有本质上的区别的。吊具与索具的使用要求:吊具与索具的使用,应与种类、吊运具体要求以及使用环境相适应。吊具与索具在作业前,要进行检查,确认完好无损且能够正常使用后,才能够开始使用。拴挂前,应确认起重拴连接点是否牢固可靠,以免出现问题。 不能超过额定起重量来承载,更不能超过安全载荷。
在设计的时候由于索具主要用到了链条等,因此他只能承受拉应力,不能承受压应力,而吊具不但能够承受拉应力也能够承受压应力。看起来貌似吊具比索具更加具有优势但是索具还有一个特点就是他的拉应力可以改变方向,而吊具就没有这个功能了。为了把二者统一起来充分利用他们的优点而降低他们的缺点因此就有了吊索具的问世。吊索具在应用过程中可以根据需要改变力的大小方向也能适当的分配拉应力与压应力。吊具还有一个优点就是能够承受力矩,包括弯曲应力,扭矩等都可以在吊索具当中很好的应用。有了以上的认识我们在设计吊索具的时候就可以根据他们的特点来设计出满足不同种类不同需求的吊索具。
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