土地为什么会沙漠化?

2025-03-15 08:39:01
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

干旱、半干旱地区(包括一部分半湿润地区)的生态平衡遭到破坏而使绿色原野逐步变成类似沙漠的景观,沙漠化的结果是产生沙漠化的土地。产生沙漠化的因素有自然因素和人为因素。自然因素有干旱(基本条件)、地表形成的松散砂质沉积物(物质基础)、大风的吹扬(动力)等;人为因素有过度放牧、过度垦殖、过度樵柴和不合理地开发利用水资源等。人为因素和自然因素对脆弱的生态环境产生严重影响,使植被破坏,风沙活动加剧和沙丘形成。

沙漠化的过程包括发生、发展和形成三个阶段。发生阶段是潜在性的沙漠化,仅存在发生沙漠化的基本条件,如气候干燥、地表植被开始被破坏,并形成松散的流沙沉积等;发展阶段,地面植被已经破坏,发现风蚀、粗化、斑点状流沙和低矮灌丛沙堆,随着风沙活动的加剧,进一步出现流动沙丘或吹扬的灌丛沙堆;形成阶段是地表广泛分布着密集的流动沙丘或吹扬的灌丛沙堆。

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