麦田里的守望者人物简介

霍尔顿：主人公，是一个有理想的人，想作一个麦田守望者，看护儿童；想离家出走，远离尘嚣，过田园般的纯朴生活。但在现实生活中，他的理想却被一一击破。

菲比：霍尔顿的妹妹，天真可爱，十分喜欢和依赖霍尔顿，喜欢当小大人。最后，改变了霍尔顿的主意。

《麦田里的守望者》是美国作家杰罗姆·大卫·塞林格创作的唯一一部长篇小说，愤怒与焦虑是此书的两大主题，主人公的经历和思想在青少年中引起强烈共鸣，受到读者，特别是广大中学生的热烈欢迎。

扩展资料：

创作背景

20世纪50年代的美国刚刚赢得了二战的胜利，成为了一个政治、经济和军事大国。在这样的时期，“纽约”就是美国实利主义社会的一个代表。它象征着最“假模假式”的一切，人们的精神生活是一片荒原，没有人在意别人的感受。

作品主题

《麦》表现的社会是一个异化的社会，也是一个道德堕落的社会。在这种社会范围内的整体性的堕落中，个体的堕落有可能在表层的堕落之下蕴含着深层的反堕落和道德的信息，有可能具有积极的内涵。

霍尔顿以其自身的堕落揭示和反抗着异化社会中道德的堕落。在其堕落中可以窥见某种道德性，他所展示的是堕落行为里的道德，一种堕落的道德。

参考资料来源：百度百科——麦田里的守望者

作者简介：
杰罗姆·大卫·塞林格
杰罗姆·大卫·塞林格（Jerome David Salinger，1919年1月1日出生） 美国作家，他的《麦田里的守望者》被认为是二十世纪美国文学的经典作品之一。
塞林格出生于纽约的一个犹太富商家庭，他在15岁时就被父亲送到宾夕法尼亚州的一所军事学校。1936年塞林格从军事学校毕业，1937年又被做火腿进口生意的父亲送到波兰学做火腿。塞林格在纽约的时候就开始向杂志投稿，其中大部分都是为了赚钱，但也不乏一些好文章，其中包括了《香蕉鱼的好日子》。
二战中断了塞林格的写作。1942年塞林格从军，1944年他前往欧洲战场从事反间谍工作。战争令塞林格恐惧，他之后写了多本以战争为题材的书。
1946年塞林格退伍，回到纽约开始专心创作。他的第一本长篇小说《麦田里的守望者》1951年出版，获得了很大的成功，塞林格一举成名。他之后的作品包括了《弗兰尼与卓埃》（1961年）、《木匠们，把屋梁升高》和《西摩：一个介绍》（1963年）和收录了他的短篇故事的《九故事》（1953年），但都不像《麦田里的守望者》那么成功。塞林格擅长塑造早熟、出众的青少年的形象。
《麦田里的守望者》获得成功之后，塞林格变得更孤僻。他在新罕布什尔州乡间的河边小山附近买下了90多英亩的土地，在山顶上建了一座小屋，过起了隐居的生活。他虽然从未放弃写作，但他在1951年之后，就很少公开出版自己的作品。他后期的作品也越来越倾向于东方哲学和禅宗。
塞林格在欧洲期间曾经与一个女医生结婚，但不久便离异。1953年他与一个叫克莱尔·道格拉斯（Claire Douglas）的女学生相识，两人后来在1955年结婚，但是后来又离婚。1972年塞格林在一本杂志上看到一个名叫乔伊斯·梅纳德（Joyce Maynard）的耶鲁大学女学生的文章和照片，立即被她吸引，两人开始通信。两人的关系在十个月后破裂。
1999年，塞林格在34年没有发表任何作品后终于发表了新的长篇小说《哈普沃兹16，1924》。《哈普沃兹16，1924》最早是以短篇的形式出现在1965年的《纽约时报》上。塞林格将这部作品授权一个小的出版公司，但是到现在他的作品都还没有出版。
2000年，塞林格与第二任妻子克莱尔·道格拉斯的女儿玛格丽特·塞林格出版了《梦的守望者：一本回忆录》一书。书中她披露了很多塞林格不为人知的秘密，像塞林格经常喝自己的尿、很少和克莱尔做爱，禁止她走访亲友等。
塞林格，美国小说家。《麦田里的守望者》使他一举成名。主人公霍尔顿是当代美国文学中最早出现的反英雄形象，这一形象尤其得到青少年的普遍认同。一时间，就像模仿少年维特一样，模仿霍尔顿的言语行动和穿着，成了当时的一种时尚。除了《麦田里的守望者》，塞林格结集出版的只有短篇小说集《九故事》，其中的主角都是一些不合时宜的男女青年。塞林格是西方文坛一怪，成名后就过着隐居的生活，使许多“塞林格迷”欲罢不能。
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Jerome David "J. D." Salinger (pronounced /ˈsælɪndʒər/; is an American author, best known for his 1951 novel The Catcher in the Rye, as well as his reclusive nature. He has not published an original work since 1965 and had not been interviewed since 1980.

Raised in the Bronx, Salinger began writing short stories while in secondary school, and published several stories in the early 1940s before serving in World War II. In 1948 he published the critically acclaimed story "A Perfect Day for Bananafish" in The New Yorker magazine, which became home to much of his subsequent work. In 1951 Salinger released his novel The Catcher in the Rye, an immediate popular success. His depiction of adolescent alienation and loss of innocence in the protagonist Holden Caulfield was influential, especially among adolescent readers.[1] The novel remains widely read, selling around 250,000 copies a year.

The success of The Catcher in the Rye led to public attention and scrutiny: Salinger became reclusive, publishing new work less frequently. He followed Catcher with a short story collection, Nine Stories (1953), a collection of a novella and a short story, Franny and Zooey (1961), and a collection of two novellas, Raise High the Roof Beam, Carpenters and Seymour: An Introduction (1963). His last published work, a novella entitled "Hapworth 16, 1924," appeared in The New Yorker on June 19, 1965.

Afterward, Salinger struggled with unwanted attention, including a legal battle in the 1980s with biographer Ian Hamilton and the release in the late 1990s of memoirs written by two people close to him: Joyce Maynard, an ex-lover; and Margaret Salinger, his daughter. In 1996, a small publisher announced a deal with Salinger to publish "Hapworth 16, 1924" in book form, but amid the ensuing publicity, the release was indefinitely delayed. He made headlines around the globe in June 2009, after filing a lawsuit against another writer for copyright infringement resulting from that writer's use of one of Salinger's characters from Catcher in the Rye
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内容简介：
The first-person narrative follows Holden Caulfield's experiences in New York City in the days following his expulsion from Pencey Prep, a fictional college preparatory school in the fictional city of Agerstown, Pennsylvania.

Holden shares encounters he has had with students and faculty of Pencey, whom he criticizes as being superficial, or as he would say, "phony." After being expelled from the school, Holden packs up and leaves the school in the middle of the night after an altercation with his roommate. He takes a train to New York, but does not want to return to his family's apartment immediately, and instead checks into the dilapidated Edmont Hotel. There, he spends an evening dancing with three tourist girls and has a clumsy encounter with a prostitute; he refuses to do anything with her and tells her to leave, although he pays her for her time. She demands more money than was originally agreed upon and when Holden refuses to pay he is struck by her pimp.

Holden spends a total of two days in the city, characterized largely by drunkenness and loneliness. At one point he ends up at a museum, where he contrasts his life with the statues of Eskimos on display. For as long as he can remember, the statues have been fixed and unchanging. It is clear to the reader, if not to Holden, that the teenager is afraid and nervous about the process of change and growing up. These concerns may largely have stemmed from the death of his brother, Allie. Eventually, he sneaks into his parents' apartment while they are away, to visit his younger sister Phoebe, who is nearly the only person with whom he seems to be able to communicate. Holden shares a fantasy he has been thinking about (based on a mishearing of Robert Burns' Comin' Through the Rye): he pictures himself as the sole guardian of numerous children running and playing in a huge rye field on the edge of a cliff. His job is to catch the children if they wander close to the brink; to be a "catcher in the rye".

After leaving his parents' apartment, Holden then drops by to see his old English teacher, Mr. Antolini in the middle of the night, and is offered advice on life and a place to sleep. During the speech on life, Mr. Antolini has a number of "highballs," referring to a cocktail served in a highball glass. His comfort is upset when he wakes up in the night to find Mr. Antolini patting his head in a way that he perceives as "flitty". There is much speculation on whether or not Mr. Antolini was making a sexual advance on Holden, and it is left widely up to the reader whether or not this is true. Holden leaves and spends his last afternoon wandering the city. He later wonders if his interpretation of Mr. Antolini's actions was correct.

Holden intends to move out west, and relays these plans to his sister, who decides she wants to go with him. He refuses to take her, and when she becomes upset with him, he tells her that he himself will no longer go. Holden then takes Phoebe to the Central Park Zoo, where he watches with a melancholy joy as she rides a carousel. At the close of the book, Holden decides not to mention much about the present day, finding it inconsequential. He alludes to "getting sick" and living in a mental hospital, and mentions that he'll be attending another school in September. Holden says that he has found himself missing Stradlater, Ackley (his former classmates), and the others—warning the reader that the same thing could happen to them.

本书的主人公霍尔顿是个中学生，出身于富裕的中产阶级家庭。他虽只有16岁，但比常人高出一头，整日穿着风雨衣，戴着鸭舌帽，游游荡荡，不愿读书。他对学校里的一切——老师、同学、功课、球赛等等，全都腻烦透了，3次被学校开除。又一个学期结束了，他又因5门功课中4门不及格被校方开除。他丝毫不感到难受。在和同房间的同学打了一架后，他深夜离开学校，回到纽约城，但他不敢贸然回家。当天深夜住进了一家小旅馆。他在旅馆里看到的都是些不三不四的人，有穿戴女装的男人，有相互喷水、喷酒的男女，他们寻欢作乐，忸怩作态，使霍尔顿感到恶心和惊讶。他无聊之极，便去夜总会厮混了一阵。回旅馆时，心里仍觉得十分烦闷，糊里糊涂答应电梯工毛里斯，让他叫来了一个妓女。妓女一到他又紧张害怕，最后按讲定的价格给了五块钱，把她打发走了。
第二天是星期天，霍尔顿上街游荡，遇见两个修女，捐了10块钱。后来他的女友萨丽去看了场戏，又去溜冰。看到萨丽那假情假义的样子，霍尔顿很不痛快，两人吵了一场，分了手。接着霍尔顿独自去看了场电影，又到酒吧里和一个老同学一起喝酒，喝得酩酊大醉。他走进厕所，把头伸进盥洗盆里用冷水浸了一阵，才清醒过来。可是走出酒吧后，被冷风一吹，他的头发都结了冰。他想到自己也许会因此患肺炎死去，永远见不着妹妹菲芘了，决定冒险回家和她诀别。
霍尔顿偷偷回到家里，幸好父母都出去玩了。他叫醒菲芘，向她诉说了自己的苦闷和理想。他对妹妹说，他将来要当一名“麦田里的守望者”：“有那么一群小孩子在一大块麦田里做游戏。几千几万个小孩子，附近没有一个人——没有一个大人，我是说——除了我。我呢，就在那混帐的悬崖边。我的职务是在那儿守望，要是有哪个孩子往悬崖边奔来，我就把他捉住——我是说孩子们都在狂奔，也不知道自己是在往哪儿跑。我得从什么地方出来，把他们捉住。我整天就干这样的事。我只想当个麦田里的守望者。”后来父母回来了，霍尔顿吓得躲进壁橱。等父母去卧室，他急忙溜出家门，到一个他尊敬的老师家中借宿。可是睡到半夜，他发觉这个老师有可能是个同性恋者，于是只好偷偷逃出来，到车站候车室过夜。
霍尔顿不想再回家，也不想再念书了，决定去西部谋生，做一个又聋又哑的人，但他想在临走前再见妹妹一面，于是托人给她带去一张便条，约她到博物馆的艺术馆门边见面。过了约定时间好一阵，菲芘终于来了，可是拖着一只装满自己衣服的大箱子，她一定要跟哥哥一起去西部。最后，因对妹妹劝说无效，霍尔顿只好放弃西部之行，带她去动物园和公园玩了一阵，然后一起回家。回家后不久，霍尔顿就生了一场大病。整部小说是以回忆的方式写的。
（这里概括了人物简介的~）

　　《麦田里的守望者》人物简介：
　　霍尔顿 主人公 是一个有理想的人，想作一个麦田守望者，看护儿童；想离家出走，远离尘嚣，过田园般的纯朴生活。但在现实生活中，他的理想却被一一击破。
　　D.B.霍尔顿最喜欢的作者，霍尔顿的哥哥，也是他的朋友，去了好莱坞，霍尔顿认为他变得虚伪。
　　菲比 霍尔顿的妹妹，天真可爱，十分喜欢和依赖霍尔顿，喜欢当小大人。最后，改变了霍尔顿的主意。
　　《麦田里的守望者》是美国作家杰罗姆·大卫·塞林格唯一的一部长篇小说，塞林格将故事的起止局限于16岁的中学生霍尔顿·考尔菲德从离开学校到纽约游荡的三天时间内，并借鉴了意识流天马行空的写作方法，充分探索了一个十几岁少年的内心世界。愤怒与焦虑是此书的两大主题，主人公的经历和思想在青少年中引起强烈共鸣，受到读者，特别是广大中学生的热烈欢迎。

麦田里的守望者里的人物很少啊！除了“我”和妹妹以外我有印象的也就是他那个历史老师以及在车上碰到的同学的家长和两个修女，另外就是那个年轻的妓女和跟他一伙的强悍男人，还有在纽约夜总会里遇见的那三个女孩。
看不懂就查啊。我也刚到美国半个月，光上IELI课程没意思所以我就看书，今下午在图书馆找着本赫伯特的《沙丘之子》，看了两个多小时就看了七页，因为没有认识的词……昨天看的是一本很厚的《Great Thinkers of Eastern World》,看得也很爽……

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