非晶体在融化过程中要吸热吗,在凝固过程中要放热吗?

非晶体在融化过程中要吸热吗,在凝固过程中要放热吗?
2025-04-08 05:15:36
推荐回答(4个)
回答1:

[非晶体的熔化]

当晶体从外界吸收热量时,其内部分子、原子的平均动能增大,温度也开始升高,但并不破坏其空间点阵,仍保持有规则排列。继续吸热达到一定的温度——熔点时,其分子、原子运动的剧烈程度可以破坏其有规则的排列,空间点阵也开始解体,于是晶体开始变成液体。在晶体从固体向液体的转化过程中,吸收的热量用来一部分一部分地破坏晶体的空间点阵,所以固液混合物的温度并不升高。当晶体完全熔化后,随着从外界吸收热量,温度又开始升高。而非晶体由于分子、原子的排列不规则,吸收热量后不需要破坏其空间点阵,只用来提高平均动能,所以当从外界吸收热量时,便由硬变软,最后变成液体。玻璃、蜂蜡、松香、沥青、橡胶等就是常见的非晶体。

非晶体的分子结构与液体相似,是杂乱无章的,吸热所获得的能量主要转化成分子动能,所以温度升高,在由固态变成液态的过程中没有一定的熔点.当它放热时,分子动能减小,温度就降低,由液态渐变成固态没有一定的凝固点.

[非晶体凝固]

非晶体凝固特点: 放热,逐渐变稠、变黏、变硬、最后成固体,温度不断降低。
晶体物质:凝固特点:固液共存,放热,温度不变
凝固的条件:⑴ 达到凝固点。⑵ 继续放热

回答2:

在凝固过程中也要放热的,不管是什么物质,凝固过程中都要放热。

回答3:

是啊,温度不变,但热能变化,能量要守恒嘛!

回答4:

是的。只是不想晶体那样呈线性关系

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